Procedural knowledge

Procedural knowledge is, in a nutshell, knowing how to do something. It contrasts with declarative knowledge, which is knowledge about something. For example, I may read about the importance of perfect arm strokes and coordination while swimming and yet drown like a stone when inside the pool. This may sound obvious, I know, but as far as language learning goes, there’s …

Repetition in the language class

Why has it become such a sin in EFL/ESL to ask students to “listen and repeat”? Whatever happened to repetition?   I have never quite understood why repetition (and perhaps controlled practice at large) went away in the first place. True, it can be boring, but so can a pseudo information gap activity based on …

“Open your books” – NOT!

Nothing, of course, but there’s a little something you can do which I believe makes all the difference. Read on if you’re interested. I think the picture will make sense then.